fixed systems
six charged responses
Simulation
Every response advances the answer.
Spend the budget on the solution, not setup.
changing systems
six charged responses
response per update
verification read separate
Integration
measure(x) is the response vector your simulator already returns.
Call once, pass the response to step(), then evaluate the returned configuration.
Open the five-line quickstartQUALIFY THE INTERFACE
Does your simulator expose the response component by component, and is each call expensive enough that evaluation count dominates?
Run compatibility checksWhere it applies
01Response matching02Coupled model calibration03Digital-twin tracking04Hardware-in-the-loop control05Nonlinear least squares06Inverse response problems
Evidence
Every number keeps its boundary.
Controlled fixed and changing vector-response suite.